Although the small intestine is the workhorse of the system, where the majority of digestion occurs, and where most of the released nutrients are absorbed into the blood or lymph, each of the digestive system organs makes a vital contribution to this process ( Figure 23.1.1). The function of the digestive system is to break down the foods you eat, release their nutrients, and absorb those nutrients into the body. Explain how the peritoneum anchors the digestive organs. ![]() Contrast the contributions of the enteric and autonomic nervous systems to digestive system functioning.Describe the four fundamental tissue layers of the alimentary canal and the function of each layer.Identify the accessory digestive organs and briefly state their function.Describe the organs of the alimentary canal from proximal to distal, and briefly state their function.From the bladder, the urine is released through the urethra E.By the end of this section, you will be able to: both internal and external sphincters of the bladder must relax D. The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that holds 400 to 800ml of liquid and has sensors that communicate with the central nervous system C. it is then stored in the urinary bladder 1. ![]() Urine is emptied into a cavity in the kidney and drains from there to the ureter B. Finally, what remains in the tubule - urine A. water and other important substances to the body are reabsorbed through the capillaries back into the blood III. then, filtrate moves through the proximal tubule 6. Filtrate includes water, urea, glucose, salts, and other small molecules 5. here, material is filtered from the blood, called filtrate i. a small, dense group of capillaries in the nephron b. it enters nephron capillary connected to renal artery 4. blood enters the kidney full of waste from metabolism, especially of protein metabolism 3. a system of microscopic tubes that use various pressure levels to remove wastes and reabsorb important molecules and water 2. The structural and functional unit of the kidney A. responsible for filtering blood, creating urine, stabilizing water balance, maintaining blood pressure, and producing active form of vitamin D II. it will form ammonia if not eliminated C. Nitrogenous waste from protein digestion is toxic and must be removed 1. the urinary system is responsible in helping to maintain this balance by getting rid of wastes B. In the human body, it's important to maintain homeostasis A. they are more prone to UTIs as compared to males in females, they have a shorter urethra i. in males, the urethra passes through the penis and also carries sperm c. small tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder a. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra A. which travels through the ureters to the urinary bladder where it is stored until it is excreted through the urethra III. allows filtered, deoxygenated blood to leave the kidney C. allows oxygenated blood to enter the kidney B. ![]() The kidneys have a renal artery, renal vein, and manufacture urine: A. the inner region of the kidney where the concentration of urine is regulated II. ![]() the cortex also produces erythropoietin - a hormone that stimulate the production of new RBCs 3. the outer layer of the kidney where blood vessels are located i. Kidneys have two main regions or layers: 1. The kidneys lie against the dorsal body wall above the waist, superior to the lumbar region. The urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
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